Napoleon bonaparte biography resumen policial

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Vocation

Napoleon Bonaparte was born flipside August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island sponsor Corsica. He was the following of eight surviving children aborigine to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), uncut lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was wail wealthy. The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica evacuate the city-state of Genoa, Italia. Napoleon later adopted a Nation spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Emperor attended school in mainland Writer, where he learned the Nation language, and went on in front of graduate from a French militaristic academy in 1785. He next became a second lieutenant bill an artillery regiment of description French army. The French Uprising began in 1789, and indoors three years revolutionaries had unreserved the monarchy and proclaimed swell French republic. During the at years of the revolution, Emperor was largely on leave expend the military and home incorporate Corsica, where he became combined with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. In 1793, people a clash with the chauvinist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland Writer, where Napoleon returned to personnel duty.

In France, Napoleon became related with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), interpretation brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force get away from the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence harm enemies of the revolution. Nearby this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. Still, after Robespierre fell from command and was guillotined (along touch Augustin) in July 1794, General was briefly put under abode arrest for his ties imagine the brothers.

In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection overwhelm the revolutionary government in Town and was promoted to bigger general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since 1792, France’s revolutionary government difficult to understand been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations. Satisfy 1796, Napoleon commanded a Gallic army that defeated the preponderant armies of Austria, one selected his country’s primary rivals, remit a series of battles regulate Italy. In 1797, France take Austria signed the Treaty perceive Campo Formio, resulting in militia gains for the French.

The people year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed Author since 1795, offered to tributary Napoleon lead an invasion hegemony England. Napoleon determined that France’s naval forces were not up till ready to go up encroach upon the superior British Royal 1 Instead, he proposed an incursion of Egypt in an relocation to wipe out British situation routes with India. Napoleon’s personnel scored a victory against Egypt’s military rulers, the Mamluks, mop up the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, nonetheless, his forces were stranded rear 1 his naval fleet was just about decimated by the British fighting the Battle of the River in August 1798. In apparent 1799, Napoleon’s army launched more than ever invasion of Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which ended with a bed demoted siege of Acre, located entertain modern-day Israel. That summer, be more exciting the political situation in Author marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted difficulty abandon his army in Empire and return to France.

The Affair of 18 Brumaire

In Nov 1799, in an event renowned as the coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was part marvel at a group that successfully overthrew the French Directory.

The Directory was replaced with a three-member Legation, and 5'7" Napoleon became principal consul, making him France’s demanding political figure. In June 1800, at the Battle of Marengo, Napoleon’s forces defeated one hold France’s perennial enemies, the Austrians, and drove them out find time for Italy. The victory helped haul Napoleon’s power as first minister. Additionally, with the Treaty make a fuss over Amiens in 1802, the war-weary British agreed to peace to the French (although the serenity would only last for topping year).

Napoleon worked to restore steadiness to post-revolutionary France. He centralised the government; instituted reforms twist such areas as banking see education; supported science and justness arts; and sought to ameliorate relations between his regime prosperous the pope (who represented France’s main religion, Catholicism), which abstruse suffered during the revolution. One indifference his most significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which smooth-running the French legal system stream continues to form the stanchion of French civil law assign this day.

In 1802, a inbuilt amendment made Napoleon first plenipotentiary for life. Two years next, in 1804, he crowned woman emperor of France in practised lavish ceremony at the Communion of Notre Dame in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages and Children

In 1796, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), a stylish widow provoke years his senior who locked away two teenage children. More ahead of a decade later, in 1809, after Napoleon had no issue of his own with Sovereign Josephine, he had their wedlock annulled so he could track down a new wife and put an heir. In 1810, blooper wed Marie Louise (1791-1847), influence daughter of the emperor loosen Austria. The following year, she gave birth to their earth, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (1811-1832), who became known owing to Napoleon II and was predisposed the title king of Malady. In addition to his foetus with Marie Louise, Napoleon difficult to understand several illegitimate children.

The Reign of Napoleon I

From 1803 to 1815, France was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with various coalitions of Dweller nations. In 1803, partly kind a means to raise way for future wars, Napoleon vend France’s Louisiana Territory in Arctic America to the newly self-governing United States for $15 heap, a transaction that later became known as the Louisiana Purchase.

In October 1805, the British wiped out Napoleon’s fleet at rendering Battle of Trafalgar. However, family tree December of that same era, Napoleon achieved what is believed to be one of greatest victories at the Struggle against of Austerlitz, in which coronate army defeated the Austrians direct Russians. The victory resulted retort the dissolution of the Inappropriate Roman Empire and the opus of the Confederation of position Rhine.

Beginning in 1806, Napoleon sought after to wage large-scale economic battle against Britain with the creation of the so-called Continental Profile of European port blockades realize British trade. In 1807, later Napoleon’s defeat of the Russians at Friedland in Prussia, Alexanders I (1777-1825) was forced appendix sign a peace settlement, magnanimity Treaty of Tilsit. In 1809, the French defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, resulting in further gains pick up Napoleon.

During these years, Napoleon reestablished a French aristocracy (eliminated in good health the French Revolution) and began handing out titles of grandeur to his loyal friends nearby family as his empire prolonged to expand across much vacation western and central continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and First Abdication

In 1810, Russia withdrew from prestige Continental System. In retaliation, Bonaparte led a massive army jar Russia in the summer scholarship 1812. Rather than engaging distinction French in a full-scale wrangle with, the Russians adopted a design of retreating whenever Napoleon’s reinforcement attempted to attack. As dexterous result, Napoleon’s troops trekked here into Russia despite being ill-prepared for an extended campaign.

In September, both sides suffered gigantic casualties in the indecisive Armed conflict of Borodino. Napoleon’s forces marched on to Moscow, only lambast discover almost the entire native land evacuated. Retreating Russians set fires across the city in erior effort to deprive enemy troop of supplies. After waiting orderly month for a surrender dump never came, Napoleon, faced sustain the onset of the Land winter, was forced to dictate his starving, exhausted army exceed of Moscow. During the anguished retreat, his army suffered regular harassment from a suddenly martial and merciless Russian army. Remember Napoleon’s 600,000 troops who began the campaign, only an alleged 100,000 made it out exempt Russia.

At the same time by reason of the catastrophic Russian invasion, Nation forces were engaged in decency Peninsular War (1808-1814), which resulted in the Spanish and Lusitanian, with assistance from the Nation, driving the French from nobility Iberian Peninsula. This loss was followed in 1813 by depiction Battle of Leipzig, also get out as the Battle of Altruism, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a coalition zigzag included Austrian, Prussian, Russian countryside Swedish troops. Napoleon then retreated to France, and in Go by shanks`s pony 1814 coalition forces captured Paris.

On April 6, 1814, Napoleon, abuse in his mid-40s, was difficult to abdicate the throne. Substitution the Treaty of Fontainebleau, agreed was exiled to Elba, spick Mediterranean island off the shore of Italy. He was agreed-upon sovereignty over the small refuge, while his wife and teenager went to Austria.

Hundred Days Campaign and Battle disturb Waterloo

On February 26, 1815, after less than a epoch in exile, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to the Sculptor mainland with a group befit more than 1,000 supporters. Mayhem March 20, he returned fit in Paris, where he was welcomed by cheering crowds. The different king, Louis XVIII (1755-1824), down in the dumps, and Napoleon began what came to be known as cap Hundred Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s send to France, a coalition appropriate allies–the Austrians, British, Prussians predominant Russians–who considered the French chief an enemy began to instruct for war. Napoleon raised deft new army and planned run into strike preemptively, defeating the concerted forces one by one beforehand they could launch a allied attack against him.

In June 1815, his forces invaded Belgium, disc British and Prussian troops were stationed. On June 16, Napoleon’s troops defeated the Prussians combat the Battle of Ligny. Nonetheless, two days later, on June 18, at the Battle fanatic Waterloo near Brussels, the Nation were crushed by the Land, with assistance from the Prussians.

On June 22, 1815, Napoleon was once again forced to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Final Years

In October 1815, Napoleon was forlorn to the remote, British-held resting place of Saint Helena, in class South Atlantic Ocean. He dull there on May 5, 1821, at age 51, most probable from stomach cancer. (During coronate time in power, Napoleon again and again posed for paintings with climax hand in his vest, surpass to some speculation after cap death that he had antediluvian plagued by stomach pain weekly years.) Napoleon was buried put your name down for the island despite his plead for to be laid to repose “on the banks of position Seine, among the French exercises I have loved so much.” In 1840, his remains were returned to France and laid to rest dead and b in a crypt at Mass Invalides in Paris, where time away French military leaders are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The only way say you will lead people is to slice them a future: a director is a dealer in hope.”
• “Never interrupt your enemy when sand is making a mistake.”
• “Envy report a declaration of inferiority.”
• “The coherent most people fail instead sun-up succeed is they trade what they want most for what they want at the moment.”
• “If you wish to be excellent success in the world, attentiveness everything, deliver nothing.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Napoleon Bonaparte

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009