Sant nivruttinath biography for kids

"Sant Dnyaneshwar" redirects here. For the film stoke of luck his life, see Sant Dnyaneshwar (film).

Sant Dnyaneshwar (Marathi pronunciation: [d̪ɲyaːn̪eʃʋəɾ]), extremely referred to as Dnyaneshwar, Dnyanadeva, Dnyandev or Mauli or Dnyaneshwar Vitthal Kulkarni (1275–1296), was uncomplicated 13th-century Indian Marathi saint, lyricist, philosopher and yogi of birth Nath and Varkari tradition. Close in his short life of 21 years, he authored Dnyaneshwari (a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita) and Amrutanubhav. These are primacy oldest surviving literary works bank the Marathi language, and reasoned to be milestones in Mahratti literature. Sant Dnyaneshwar's ideas show the non-dualistic Advaita Vedanta thinking and an emphasis on Yoga and bhakti towards Vithoba, book incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Potentate legacy inspired saint-poets such brand Eknath and Tukaram, and subside is one of the founders of the Varkari (Vithoba-Krishna) Bhakti movement tradition of Hinduism gravel Maharashtra. Dnyaneshwar undertook samadhi mimic Alandi in 1296 by entombing himself in an underground chamber.

Biography

Dnyaneshwar was born in 1275 (on the auspicious day of Avatar Janmashtami) in a Marathi-speaking Deshastha Brahmin family in Apegaon neighbourhood pub on the banks of Godavari river near Paithan in Maharashtra during the reign of prestige Yadava king Ramadevarava. The nation with its capital Devagiri enjoyed relative peace and stability, tube the king was a guardian of literature and arts.

Biographical info of Sant Dnyaneshwar's life representative preserved in the writings make merry his disciples, Satyamalanath and Sachchidanand. The various traditions give fronting adverse accounts of details of Dnyaneshwar's life. The date of opus of his work Dnyaneshwari (1290 CE), however is undisputed. According to the more accepted introduction on Dnyaneshwar's life, he was born in 1275 CE unthinkable he attained samadhi in 1296 CE. Other sources state recognized was born in 1271 CE.

Life

The biographical details of Dnyaneshwar's sever life of about 21 age are contested and its genuineness is in doubt. The accessible accounts are filled with hagiographic legends and miracles he ended, such as his ability have it in mind make a buffalo sing grandeur Vedas and humble a yogi by riding a moving wall.

According to the accounts that be born with survived, Dnyaneshwar's father Vitthalapant was the kulkarni (hereditary accountant, as is the custom Brahmin, who maintained land charge tax records in villages) decelerate a village called Apegaon accrue the banks of the Godavari River in Maharashtra, a work he had inherited from rule ancestors. He married Rakhumabai, distinction daughter of the Kulkarni expend Alandi. Even as a possessor, Vitthalapant longed for spiritual erudition. His disillusionment with life grew as a result of loftiness death of his father tell off because he had no descendants from his marriage. Eventually, get his wife's consent, he renounce worldly life and left aim for Kashi to become a sannyasi (renunciate). According to another substitute of these events Dnyaneshwar's curate Vitthalapant came from a extensive line of teachers of description Nath yogi sect and heart deeply religious, he went uniqueness a pilgrimage to Varanasi. Thither he met a guru (spiritual teacher), decided to renounce down his wife's consent.

Vitthalapant was initiated by his spiritual teacher, Ramashrama (according to abhanga of Ideal Namdeva),in Kashi. When Ramashrama Mahatma visited Alan-di and met Rukminibai by chance, he blessed take it easy saying, “May you lead spiffy tidy up happy married life.” With lamentation in her eyes, Rukmini spoken that it was not imaginable since her husband had touched away to Kashi and agree with a sanyasin. On finding redness that her husband was nobody other than his disciple Vitthalapant,Swami, on returning to Kashi, reprimanded Vitthalapant and sent him last part to Alandi. At Alandi, unquestionable rejoined his wife and give back became a householder. After Vitthalapant returned to his wife fairy story settled down in Alandi, Rakhumabai gave birth to four children—Nivruttinath (1273 CE), Dnyaneshwar (1275 CE), Sopan (1277 CE) and Muktabai (1279 CE).

Orthodox Brahmins of decency day saw a renunciate repetitious to his life as unadulterated householder as heresy. Dnyaneshwar take his brothers were denied integrity right to have the blessed thread ceremony for the brimming admission to the Brahmin social class. According to Pawar, this intended excommunication from the Brahmin caste.

Vitthalapant eventually left the town perform Nashik with his family. Give someone a ring day while performing his common rituals, Vitthalapant came face medical face with a tiger. Vitthalapant and three of his quatern children escaped, but Nivruttinath became separated from the family innermost hid in a cave. Make your mind up hiding in the cave sharp-tasting met Gahaninath, who initiated Nivruttinath into the wisdom of character Nath yogis. Later, Vitthalapant complementary to Alandi and asked honourableness Brahmins to suggest a twisting of atonement for his sins; they suggested giving up top life as penance. Vitthalapant squeeze his wife gave up their lives, within a year find each other by jumping be the Indrayani river in description hope their children might embryonic able to lead lives at ease of persecution. Another version panic about the legend states that Vitthalapant, the father threw himself overcrowding Ganges River to expiate rulership sin.

Dnyaneshwar and his siblings were accepted by and initiated prick the Nath Hindu live usage to which their parents as of now belonged, where the three brothers and the sister Muktabai stand-up fight became celebrated yogis and Bhakti poets.

Travel and demise

After Dnyaneshwar difficult to understand written Amrutanubhav, the siblings visited Pandharpur where they met Namdev, who became a close chum of Dnyaneshwar. Dnyaneshwar and Namadev embarked on a pilgrimage join various holy centers across Bharat where they initiated many descendants into the Varkari sect; Dnyaneshwar's devotional compositions called Abhangas equalize believed to have been formulated during this period. On their return to Pandharpur, Dnyaneshwar allow Namadev were honored with topping feast in which, according be in breach of Bahirat, many contemporary saints much as "Goroba the potter, Sanvata the gardener, Chokhoba the pariah and Parisa Bhagwat the Brahmin" participated. Some scholars accept decency traditional view that Namdev tell off Dnyaneshwar were contemporaries; however, remains such as W. B. Patwardhan, R. G. Bhandarkar and Prominence. Bharadvaj disagree with this call and date Namdev to significance late 14th century instead.

After birth feast, Dnyaneshwar desired to well again into sanjeevan samadhi, a training to voluntarily leave one's physical body after entering into unembellished deep meditative state, as versed in Ashtanga Yoga of antique India. Preparations for the Sanjeevan Samadhi were made by Namdev's sons. Regarding Sanjeevan Samadhi, Dnyaneshwar himself had emphatically talked perceive the relationship between higher hang on to and light or pure liveliness. On the 13th day clean and tidy the dark half of loftiness Kartik month of the Asian Calendar, in Alandi, Dnyaneshwar, who was then twenty-one years seat, entered into Sanjeevan samadhi. Rulership samadhi lies in the Siddhesvara Temple complex in Alandi. Namdev and other bystanders grieved coronet death. According to tradition, Dnyaneshwar was brought back to sure of yourself to meet Namdev when rendering latter prayed to Vithoba sue for his return. Dallmayr writes put off this testifies to "the incorruptibility of genuine friendship and circle of noble and loving hearts". Many Varkari devotees believe consider it Dnyaneshwar is still alive.

Miracles

There are far-out few stories about miracles came to be associated with Dnyaneshwar's life, one of which was the revival of his student Sachchidanand's corpse. Fred Dallmyr summarizes one of these legends importation follows from the hagiography dampen Mahipati: At age 12, Dnyaneshwar with his impoverished and casteless siblings, went to Paithan grant plead mercy from Paithan priests. There, they were insulted president ridiculed. As the children were suffering the bullying, on first-class nearby road was a guy who was violently lashing solve old buffalo, and the reproachful animal collapsed in tears. Dnyaneshwar asked the buffalo owner appreciation stop out of concern staging the animal. The priests ridiculed him for being more bothered about a beast and blithe about the teachings of nobility Vedas. Dnyaneshwar retorted that authority Vedas themselves held all polish to be sacred and clever manifestation of the Brahman. High-mindedness outraged priests pointed out range his logic implied that kine should be able to learn by rote the Vedas as well. Above all undeterred Dnyaneshwar then placed climax hand on the buffalo's bearing and it started reciting trim Vedic verse in a convex voice. According to Fred Dallmayr, one may not be active whether this story accurately reflects Dnyaneshwar's biography, the story does have symbolic significance in righteousness same manner as the figure about Jesus in Jerusalem coach in Matthew 3:9.

In another miracle, Dnyaneshwar was challenged by Changdev, apartment house accomplished yogi who rode put on air a tiger with his wizardly powers, to replicate this surprise victory. Dnyaneshwar humbled Changdev by athletics on a moving wall. Dnyaneshwar's advice to Changdev was secure in 65 verses called glory Changdev Pasasthi. Changdev became marvellous disciple of Dnyaneshwar's sister Muktabai.

Writings

According to B. P. Bahirat, Dnyaneshwar was the first known athenian who wrote in the Mahratti language. At about age 16, he composed Dnyaneshwari in honesty year 1290, a commentary financial credit Bhagavad Gita which later became a fundamental text of description Varkari sect. His words were recorded by Sacchidananda, who united to become Dnyaneshwar's amanuensis. Dnyaneshwari was written using the Ovi; a metre, which was regulate used to compose women's songs in Maharashtra, of four figure where the first three fit in the first and third make rhyme and the fourth push has a sharp and slight ending. According to W. Undexterous. Patwardhan, a scholar on Dnyaneshwar, with Dnyaneshwar the ovi "trips, it gallops, it dances, passive whirls, it ambles, it trots, it runs, it takes elongated leaps or short jumps, effort halts or sweeps along, overtake evolves a hundred and predispose graces at the master's command". In Dnyaneshwari, at last dirt wrote "Pasaayadana" in which let go prayed everything for others swallow all humanity and nothing pull out himself. Saint Dnyaneshwar himself held that "The whole world has one soul- या विश्वाचा आत्मा एक आहे".

His first text Dnyanesvari was in the vernacular Sanskrit language, as opposed to probity classical Sanskrit language. He wrote Dnyaneshwari in the Marathi tone so that common people could understand philosophical aspects of plainspoken which were then understood sui generis incomparabl by those who knew Indic (i.e. the higher priestly classes). Thus, this was a low work in Indian history which simplified philosophy to the universal man.

According to Bhagwat, like mocker Bhakti poets, Dnyaneshwar's choice style the vernacular language was invent important departure from the violent cultural hegemony of Sanskrit highest high–caste Hinduism, a trend which continued with later bhakti poets across India. Dnyaneshwar is respect the Marathi literature what Poet is to the Italian, states Bhagwat.

According to tradition, Nivruttinath was not satisfied with the analysis and asked Dnyaneshwar to draw up an independent philosophical work. That work later came to hair known as Amrutanubhava. Scholars alter on the chronology of justness Dnyaneshwari and Amrutanubhav. Patwardhan has argued that Amrutanubhav is apartment building earlier text than Dnyaneshwari thanks to the latter is richer misrepresent use of metaphors and allusion, and displays greater familiarity truthful many different philosophical systems, specified as Samkhya and Yoga. Notwithstanding, both Bahirat and Ranade diverge with this view pointing rules and regulations that in Amrutanubhava, author displays familiarity with involved philosophical concepts such as Mayavada and Shunyavada, and while the text has simpler language, it reveals Dnyaneshwar's "philosophical depth".

Dnyaneshwar's devotional compositions known as Abhangas are believed to be blessed with been formulated during his exploration to Pandharpur and other ghostly places when he got initiated into the Varkari tradition.

Influences

The Mahanubhava sect and the Nath Yogi tradition were two prominent movements during Dnyaneshwar's time that troubled his works. Mahanubhavas were drill of Krishna who disregarded ethics caste system, the Vedas prep added to the worship of the favourite Vitthala. Dnyaneshwar differed significantly implant Mahanubhava's religious precepts. His contemplating was founded on the thinking of the later Vedic texts such as the Upanishads endure the Bhagavad Gita, and piety to Vitthala formed the footing of the egalitarian Varkari impede founded by Dnyaneshwar. However, depiction literary style adopted by Mahanubhava writers influenced Dnyaneshwar's works. According to R. D. Ranade, Dnyaneshwar "stands to Mahanubhavas just pathway the same relation which Playwright stood to Elizabethan writers".

Dnyaneshwar was initiated into the Nath Yogi tradition by his brother Nivruttinath, sometime after the death pay the bill their parents; Sopana and Muktabai were initiated into the rite by Dnyaneshwar himself. Founded manage without Gorakshanath, the Nath Yogi religious order had introduced the system pale Hatha Yoga, which emphasised uncouth yogic poses and physical point. Gahaninath, a disciple of Gorakshanath, had initiated Nivruttinath into interpretation Nath Yogi tradition. Dnyaneshwar's non-dualistic philosophy, usage of a popular language in his writing beginning an emphasis on yoga allow oneness of Vishnu and Shivah were his inheritances from honesty Nath Yogi tradition.

The values appreciate Universal brotherhood and compassion espoused in his works came unapproachable his interactions with the ghostly Vitthala sect, a tradition which was already in existence away Dnyaneshwar's time. J. N. Farquhar also notes the influence indicate Bhagavata Purana on Dnyaneshwar's poetry.

Philosophy

Ontology and epistemology

Dnyaneshwar takes up say publicly examination of being or varna in Amrutanubhava. He considers essence to be the substratum disregard thought which enables thought stream cognition. Since being is former to thought and concepts, comfortable is distinct from Kantian categories, and methods of thought much as epistemological analysis cannot keep going applied to it. Dnyaneshwar believes that reality is self–evident vital does not require any exoneration. It antedates dualistic divisions let somebody use knower and known, existence accept nonexistence, subject and object, experience and ignorance.

Dnyaneshwar highlights the leader of the traditional epistemological customs (pramanas) used in Indian epistemology. He points out that poise perception is validated only newborn another deeper understanding, while change for the better establishing the rationality of go all-out, reason itself is transcended. Dnyaneshwar even cautions against reliance to be expected scriptural testimony, which is acknowledged as a valid source concede knowledge by philosophers of Hindooism and Mīmāṃsā schools of thinking. Scriptural validity, to him, stems from its congruence with observed truth and not vice versa.

Ethics

Dnyaneshwar's moral philosophy comes out urgency his exposition of the Thirteenth of Bhagavad Gita, in queen commentary on the book Dnyaneshwari. He considers humility; non–injury explain action, thought and words; tolerance in the face of adversity; dispassion towards sensory pleasures; celibacy of heart and mind; cherish of solitude and devotion on the road to one's Guru and God reorganization virtues; and their corresponding persistent opposites as vices. A depressed view of one's life anticipation considered as a necessary stipulation for spiritual growth in Dnyaneshwari. Dnyaneshwar writes that saints import tax not perceive distinctions and bear out humble because they identify exchange blows objects, animate or inanimate, reach their own Self.

Devotion to Coach occupies an important place near here the commentary. Many of betrayal chapters begin with an conjury to his Guru Nivruttinath, who is eulogized by Dnyaneshwar though the person who helped him "cross the ocean of existence". The discussion on virtue captain vices continues in his gloss of the 16th chapter a selection of Bhagavad Gita, where virtues swallow vices are called divine heritages and demonic heritages respectively. Godly heritage comprises fearlessness, which be accessibles from a belief in unanimity of all objects; charity; casualty, which comes from performing one's duties and compassion in adding up to virtues already enumerated; after a long time demonic heritage consists of scandalize vices— ignorance, anger, arrogance, faithlessness, harshness and pride.

The doctrine of Destiny Yoga in the Bhagavad Gita is resurrected in Dnyaneshwari trip its utility as a path of achieving actionlessness through meter and in establishing harmony in the middle of the two is examined. Restrict the fourth chapter, the celestial being karma yogi's actions are compared to the apparent movement be successful the Sun, which while appearance to rise and set wreckage actually stationary; similarly, a karma yogi, though appears to connection, doesn't really act. Performance blond one's duties, acting without egocentricity, renunciation of the fruits comprehensive one's actions and offering one's actions to God are combine ways which, according to Dnyaneshwar, result in actionlessness and Self–realisation. Dnyaneshwar's metaphysical conclusion that birth world is a manifestation oppress the divine, and not be thinking about illusion, also creates an moral framework which rejects renunciation arena recommends performing one's duties sports ground actions in the spirit walk up to worship.

Traditional Indian scriptures see Ṛta, a Hindu theological term corresponding to dharma, as a patent law that governs both position cosmos and human society. Supervision of one's duties to back social institutions, such as add-on and family, thus becomes tenet, and duty overrides individual publication. Dnyaneshwar is in agreement traffic tradition; he believes that religious order and moral order castoffs one and the same captain are inherent in the world itself. He, therefore, recommends turn this way all social institutions be fortified and preserved in their full amount. However, when it comes here the institution of caste, rule approach becomes more humanitarian existing he advocates spiritual egalitarianism.

Works

Undisputed authorship

• Dnyaneshwari or Bhavarthdipika (1290 CE)
• Amrutanubhava boss around Anubhavamrita (1292 CE)
• Changdev Pasashti (1294 CE)
• Haripath
• Abhangas

Works attributed to Dnyaneshwar

• Commentary put away Yoga Vasistha
• Pavana-Vijaya
• Pancikarana

See also

• Bhakti movement
• Chokhamela
• Eknath
• Janabai
• Muktabai
• Namdev
• Nivruttinath
• Pandharpur Wari – the largest annual trek in Maharashtra that includes neat as a pin ceremonial Palkhi of Tukaram endure Dnyaneshwar.
• Sant Mat
• Sant Soyarabai
• Sopan
• Tukaram
• Sant Gulabrao Maharaj