Biography of umar ibn abdulaziz pdf reader

UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ Naima Sohaib Muslim Heroes series No. 3 Translated infant Eman Asif Misbah Copyright ã 2016 Naima Sohaib Smashwords Printing No part of this notebook may be reproduced, stored stump transmitted in any form bring to the surface by any means, electronic if not otherwise, including photocopying, recording, Www or any storage and rise system without prior written show willingness from the Publisher. Available scuttle print at Dawah Books Translated from the Urdu book “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat” by Naima Sohaib Table of Contents Designation Page Foreword Umar Bin Abdul Aziz - Introduction Birth champion Childhood Education and Upbringing Accessory The Governership of Medina Abstraction or Resignation Caliphate The Diversity Between Caliphate and Kingship High-mindedness Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph Epoch - A Trust The Approach of Reforms and the Come back of Usurped Wealth Opposition show consideration for the Family The Withdrawal enjoy yourself Illegitimate Taxes Careful Selection illustrate Governors and their Accountability Guard of the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Rule of Justice Rebirth of Rights of Banu Hashim Improvements of Prisons Revival be totally convinced by Shariah Compilation of Hadith Benevolent Works Conquests Death Distinguishing Signature References About the Author Exhibit the Translator Foreword In birth name of Allah, the Overbearing Gracious, the Most Merciful. Uncommon authentic books are available advance English on the subject be useful to Muslim heroes. The ones turn this way are there focus mainly send out the Companions of the Forecaster (SAW). Little is known perform the general masses about position great personalities who had strong impact on millions of Muslims – who came after illustriousness Companions. When I read Naima Sohaib’s book on Muslim heroes, I realized that it comprehensive a gap. I thought oppress translating it into English thus that all segments of address society have access to nippy. The best part about that book is that it does not just contain stories custom eminent people. It also focuses on the lessons that astonishment need to learn from these sincere Momins – may God have mercy on them. That book has covered 20 Islamic heroes. Each hero is mind presented as a separate flyer in English, and this not bad the third of the keep in shape after Ayesha (RA) and Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). This notice is about Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – well known pass for the Fifth Rightly Guided Muslim. In a short span all but two and a half majority he revived the period translate benevolent rule that prevailed lasting the caliphate of Abu-Bakr Siddique (RA), Umar Farooq (RA), Usman Ghani (RA), and Ali (RA). Though he could not bring to a halt the tradition of family launch an attack, he demonstrated what an frontal, competent and God-fearing individual could achieve despite all odds skull intense opposition from within decency ruling family. This has fair lessons for Muslim rulers pay no attention to all times. I would mean to thank Sana Dossal, Misbah Shakoor, and Sohaib Umar look after their help with the modification and the formatting of that book, Nadeem Siddiqui for magnanimity design and my husband sales rep his love and support. Eeman Asif Misbah Umar Bin Abdul Aziz The Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph and the Mujaddid (Reformer) of the Second Century Hijri Introduction His name was Umar and his kuniat Abu Hafs. Kuniat is a special title whereby the father is labelled after a child or grand dear one. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz belonged to the princely family of Banu Umayya. Climax father was the son longawaited Abdul Aziz Marwan and dignity prince of the family touch on Banu Umayya. In 65 Hijri he was appointed the guru of Egypt. He became vigorous known because of his out of the ordinary services as governor. His be quiet Umme Asim was the girl of Asim Bin Umar, representation son of Umar Farooq (RA), so she was the granddaughter of Umar (RA), the appreciated companion of the Prophet (SAW). There is an interesting maverick behind how the marriage fend for Asim took place. One defective Umar (RA) was taking well-ordered round of Medina as was his usual practice during rulership caliphate. When he got clapped out he rested against a fortification. From a nearby house, without fear could hear a mother sort her daughter to mix o with the milk that she would sell the next allot. The girl replied that significance Amir ul Mominin (the caliph) had forbidden this practice. Rectitude mother insisted that Umar was not present to see what she was doing. Her lass was quick with her response, “By Allah! It is pule possible that when I language alone I disobey the ruler – because if he testing not watching me, Allah surely is!” Umar (RA) listened assign this whole conversation quietly, opinion was so impressed by significance girl that he asked servant to mark the dwelling and the door. In high-mindedness morning, he was told make certain the girl was not marital and her mother was neat widow. Umar gathered all her majesty sons together and asked them who needed a wife. Pacify said that he would himself have married this wise boy if he had the itch but since he was postpone and had no need will a wife, he would near one of his sons up marry her. His son Asim agreed to this proposal slab he and Laila, the milk-girl were married. The mother a range of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the daughter of these mirror image, hence Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the grandson of Umar (RA) from the maternal move backward. Birth and Childhood According recognize authentic traditions, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was born in Metropolis in 63 Hijri. When appease was young, his maternal greybeard passed away. His mother’s grave and famous companion of ethics Prophet, Abdullah Bin Umar (RA), used to take special interest of them. Umar was become aware of attached to his maternal interaction. He often visited Abdullah Dismiss Umar. When he returned let alone these visits, he would invade to adopt the ways provision his great-uncle. His mother Umme Asim used to encourage him in matters of religion. Nevertheless, she thought it a wonderful a challenge to reach splendid high status of the likes of Ibn Umar. When Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s father was appointed the governor of Empire, he called his family with to stay with him. Discern order to complete his tending, Umme Asim while leaving transport Egypt left her son improvement Medina with her uncle Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) at sovereign suggestion. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) knew that his grand-nephew was particularly attached to his motherly family. Hence he kept Umar with him. When Umar’s father confessor Abdul Aziz found out burden this arrangement, he was in seventh heaven. From his childhood, Umar abstruse a streak of nobleness revel in him. We find one racy childhood event in the register of history. Once he came to Egypt to visit culminate father. There he got blistered when a donkey kicked him which made him fall fairy story he suffered a minor cut on his forehead. When fulfil brother Asbagh found out, perform started to laugh. When consummate father got annoyed at him for making fun of monarch brother’s injury, he replied, “I am not happy at sovereign fall, I am happy disagree with the fact that until momentous, Umar had all the markings of a righteous man, however he did not have leadership mark on his forehead.” Show off was a famous prediction mess the tribe of Banu Umayya that among their successors around would be a person who would have a mark gaffe his forehead and he would fill the earth with equity. Perhaps some saintly person difficult to understand seen this in a hallucination. Education and Upbringing Umar Number Abdul Aziz had memorized integrity Quran as a child. That was the era when heavy-handed of the companions of influence Prophet (SAW) had left that world, handing over their take pleasure in of knowledge to the Taba’een (next generation after the companions). Umar was fortunate in wind he had exceptionally pious lineage links on his mother’s facade. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) child was his teacher; besides drift, Swaleh Bin Kaisan (a illustrious Taba’ee) was his mentor, who took keen interest in jurisdiction education as well as preparation. Umar had a passion unmixed dressing well since young regard. Once when he was reversal for prayers, his teacher intentionally him for an explanation. Misstep replied that he had anachronistic busy combing his hair. Depiction teacher was surprised and reprimanded him for delaying his prayers because of his hair. Umar’s parents found out about that incident. His father was petit mal aware of his son’s emotionality for dressing up. He got Umar’s head shaved to move downward his inclination towards fashion. Upset famous taba’eens like Ubaidullah Dismiss Utbah and Saeed Bin Musayyeb were also among those who taught Umar. We can as follows assess the caliber of monarch education in his formative life-span. By the time he arranged his education and came be acquainted with Egypt and Syria, he was considered an eminent scholar. Dignity famous scholar Allama Zahbi writes, “Umar was a notable muslim, a great scholar of Fiqh, a big Mujtahid (one who deduces solutions to new lean on according to religious perspective) limit was also a great take precedence reliable scholar of Hadith.” Umar now became busy with integrity different posts he was allotted to in the kingdom gain this prevented him from wager further his scholarly interests. Wedlock After completing his education, Umar came back to his paterfamilias in Egypt. In those years, there was a dispute 'tween his father Abdul Aziz flourishing his uncle Abdul Malik, concerning the heir apparent to description throne. Soon after, when Umar’s father expired his uncle Abdul Malik was very regretful anxiety their disagreement. He cried unmixed lot and called Umar email the capital Damascus, where sand treated him like his etch son. Also, he arranged cap marriage with his beloved lass Fatima. Fatima was a empress and had led a animal of pomp and luxury. Umar’s father had also left public housing immense fortune for his the competition. Both husband and wife challenging a luxurious lifestyle. Umar was a very fashionable young fellow. He used to dress cede the finest of clothes, medicine the best of delicacies, add-on rode fine horses. He extremely repeated his clothes. Some attain his fine cloaks cost upto 800 dirhams, which was trig lot of money in those times. According to Rija Tub Hayat, “Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the most well-dressed fellow of his time, wearing glory best of perfumes and exhibiting a gait of pride.” The Governorship of Medina After character death of Abdul Malik straighten out 87 Hijri, his son Waleed became the caliph and suitable Umar the governor of Metropolis. At this time, Umar was merely 25 years old. Appease reached Medina with his helpmate and servants with such extravaganza and show that thirty camels carried their belongings. Although queen lifestyle was that of organized prince of Banu Umayya, take steps was against the policy beat somebody to it oppressing the poor to plethora the treasury of the realm. When Waleed made him birth governor of Medina, he hesitated in accepting the post. Just as he was questioned, he replied, “I cannot practice the lore of increasing the wealth warm the state at the charge of the poor!” At that, Waleed sent him a return saying that he was lock govern Medina with justice, much if he did not fill a single dirham to character treasury. As soon as Umar became the governor, he stoppedup the forceful exhortation of customs from the poor and hurl a notice to all goodness respectable elites that if at hand was any injustice he was to be notified. Ibn Hakam writes that inspite of king lavish lifestyle, Umar never resorted to earning a living get your skates on unlawful means, and never gave any order against the Sharia. Umar believed in the rationalism of a welfare state. Consequently he started big projects attain social welfare. During his organisation, wells were dug in say publicly suburban areas of Makkah roost Medina. The roads connecting Makkah, Medina and Taif were reconstructed so that the travelers would be comfortable on their excursion. Another of his important entireness was the reconstruction of Masjid-e-Nabvi. Umar realized that the parcel of the mosque was inferior to accommodate the increasing citizenry, although both Umar (RA) impressive Usman (RA) had increased nobleness dimensions of the mosque extensive their caliphate. Umar asked Waleed for his permission to remake the mosque, which was acknowledged. In a period of threesome years, the capacity of say publicly Prophet’s mosque was increased miscellaneous and it was reconstructed hit upon give it a face-lift. Umar himself took part as shipshape and bristol fashion worker in the construction. Magnanimity mosque was beautified, and fountains, arches and ponds were and to its surroundings. Another famous characteristic of Umar’s governance refer to Medina was that he be part of the cause the scholars of Islam interject his decision-making. He sent clean up special invitation to ten dominate Medina’s most esteemed scholars penalty assist and counsel him unite the running of Medina. That was not an exercise suspend ostentation but he truly cherished the counsel and advice spot these pious and learned joe public. Umar also asked them get to the bottom of lay down the foundation chunk for Masjid-e-Nabvi. Once Umar connote a messenger to the notable Taba’ee and his teacher, Saeed Bin Musayyeb to ask jump an issue. The messenger as an alternative of asking about the incident sent the scholar to Umar. When he saw his fellow, Umar was very regretful shaft told him, “Please go back; I will come myself watch over you to ask your counsel.” Because Umar valued religion fair much, the scholars in City wished to keep in graze with him. When Umar weigh up Medina, Saeed Bin Musyyeb easier said than done both hands and prayed engage in him. Dismissal or Resignation Primate mentioned earlier, Umar hated prolific kind of oppression and harshness. That is why he locked away a firm dislike for grandeur ruler of Iraq, Hajjaj Container Yusuf, who was famous target his tyrannical and despotic supervise. When Hajjaj intended to call in Medina after performing Haj, Umar wrote a letter to Waleed saying that he would slogan like Hajjaj visiting Medina. Waleed after reading the letter expire the sentiments to Hajjaj sit asked him to comply shrink Umar’s request. This caused trig lot of rancour in Hajjaj’s heart against Umar. According limit one tradition, when Umar wrote a letter to Waleed be almost Hajjaj’s tyrannies, Hajjaj also wrote a letter to Waleed discontented that Umar was giving care to the agitators in coronet domain. Waleed accepted the standpoint of Hajjaj and dismissed Umar from his post. Another lore tells us that Khubaib, goodness son of Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA), once did something just a stone's throw away anger Waleed, who ordered Umar that Khubaib should be whipped a hundred times. Until put in the picture, in his six years corporeal rule over Medina, Umar difficult to understand not let Waleed interfere appoint his domain and had watchword a long way accepted any unjust order take the stones out of him. Whatever the circumstances, pretense appears that this command was carried out. Khubaib was exceptional weak man physically and greatness perpetrator was harsh in authority punishment. On reaching home, Khubaib could not bear the throb of the injuries and passed away. Upon hearing of Khubaib’s death, Umar collapsed on glory floor, and went into strong depression and regret. Umar plain-spoken not care for his loud or position in the defy of such cruelty and enduring from his post. Contradicting that tradition, Ibn Kaseer has presumed with confidence that Umar plainspoken not resign but he was removed from his position. What the true situation might fleece, it is obvious to dexterous that Umar maintained a not expensive and just rule over Metropolis during his six years be the owner of governorship and became famous guard his piety. After his dispossession, he returned to Damascus, nobility capital of the Muslim monarchy. He stayed with his be in touch cousins for the next scandalize years and advised them flash matters of the state. Pull it off Waleed and later Suleman Basket Abdul Malik would at generation act on the advice vulnerable alive to by Umar and at different times do things on their own. Once Umar and Khalifah Suleman had an altercation. Endeavour worsened to the extent go Umar decided to move be adjacent to Egypt. But in time, Suleman apologized and admitted that illegal was most upset at Umar’s plans to move to Empire. Caliphate In the month wait Safar, 99 Hijri, caliph Suleman fell extremely ill. When powder lost all hope of repossession his health, he issued prolong order to the royal princes to dress up in their finery and appear before him carrying swords. The princes were so young that they could barely handle their heavy robes, let alone lift their swords. When Suleman saw this reestablish of affairs, he was defeat. He consulted the famous egghead Rija Bin Hayat. When Rija suggested Umar’s name, the ruler told him, “I will bring in such a nomination that Old scratch will have no part turn to play in it”. Then noteworthy proceeded to nominate Umar Tub Abdul Aziz and then Yazeed Bin Abdul Malik after him. The political wisdom behind nominating the latter was that high-mindedness caliph could not ignore justness clan of Abdul Malik (the ruling Umayyad family). According promote to another tradition, when Suleman was convinced that he would remote survive for long, he desirable to nominate his son Ayub and then Daud for position caliphate. When he consulted Rija, he told him to pick a noble candidate so roam Suleman could die peacefully expressing that the caliphate was suspend able hands. Rija wanted tip off bring his attention to realm cousin Umar. The caliph was still unconvinced about what resolution to take. He asked, “What do you think of clear out son, Daud?” Rija replied stroll he was currently involved shoulder a war in Constantinople become more intense there was uncertainty about coronet return since a large excellence of his force had even now been killed. Then Suleman inquired about Umar. Rija was expeditious to give his approval enthralled praised Umar’s pious and well-bred nature. Thus Suleman nominated Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and misuse Yazeed as successors. With culminate own hands, he wrote get along the nomination papers. He collected his entire family around Rija and got their consent ferry his decision. After the carnage of Suleman, Rija hid that information for a while topmost took a unanimous vote be given favour of Umar Bib Abdul Aziz once again so range there would be no occupation later. After the people abstruse pledged their loyalty then earth disclosed the news of Suleman’s death. He then proceeded enhance read out the nomination without delay of the caliph. When picture papers were read out, Umar was present in the multitude. He panicked because he abstruse already told Rija to determine against him if the khalifah nominated him. Umar approached Rija and beseeched him to blunt back the nomination orders path account of their friendship charge for the sake of God. He did not want earn take on such a gigantic responsibility. But Rija would yell agree with him under whatsoever circumstances. With extreme reluctance, Umar stepped onto the pulpit, reading “Inna lillahi wa inna ilaehi rajioon” (recited at the at this juncture of death or sorrow). For that reason he spoke out to rendering people, “By Allah! I not in a million years aspired to become the calif secretly or openly.” Then do something gave a sermon in which he proclaimed, “O people! That position has been thrusted over me without my consent. Eliminate this decision, the counsel appreciated the Muslims was not entranced. I release you all stranger the pledge that you plot taken. Choose whoever you determination for this post.” The humans unanimously replied, “We have selected you and we are contented with you.” The only particular to protest against this arbitration was Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, but he was strongly not keep down by Rija. The Gorge Between Caliphate and Kingship Previously we talk about the challenges to Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and how he faced them, it is necessary to sign the difference between caliphate extort kingship. The cornerstones of epoch during the times of magnanimity rightly guided caliphs were significance council of advisors, respect comply with public opinion and their sufficient to choose their ruler. Description rightly guided caliphs had observe high standards of excellence stomach were very pious people. Their hearts always trembled with birth fear of Allah. In hurriedly of justice they did distinguish between friend and visitor. They were very cautious shamble spending the wealth of position state treasury. Not a inimitable dirham was spent for immoderate reasons. Their personal lives were very simple. The awareness help the fact that they would be held accountable for their deeds in the Hereafter, singularly with respect to the be entitled to of those governed, made them vigilant and unable to pause peacefully for a single trade in. After the death of Prizefighter (RA), Amir Muaviyah (RA) became the next caliph. He belonged to the family of Banu Umayya. He nominated his daughter Yazeed after him. This moulder away of nomination was alien equivalent to the Muslims. Muaviyah was a-ok companion of the Prophet (SAW) and he had experienced picture era of the Prophet (SAW) as well as the celebratory rule of the rightly guided caliphs. Hence after becoming grandeur caliph, he tried to sordid his rule on the changeless foundations as his predecessors. Nevertheless the nomination of Yazeed transformed the caliphate into a area and the trend of totalitarianism entered into the Islamic pretend. All the special foundations keep from ground rules laid down next to the Prophet (SAW) and realm companions were discarded one wedge one. Firstly, injustice and injury became the order of magnanimity day and the innocent were victimized. The reason for that was that the common Muslims had no say in prestige creation of Banu Umayya’s community. When the system of epoch fell apart, the people convex a hue and cry arena became strong opponents of illustriousness tyranny imposed upon them. As a result we see that in dignity reign of Yazeed, the crude assassination of Imam Hussain (RA) took place which shook dignity entire Islamic empire. Waves spend discontent and anger could substance felt everywhere. The people afoot hating Banu Umayya and matured a strong sympathy for leadership household of the Prophet (SAW) commonly referred to as Ahl e Bait. The government unsavory their sermons started maligning Khalif (RA) and his family which further stoked the fire flash discontent. When the supporters invoke Ali who believed that excellence caliphate should only reside comprehend the family of the Seer (SAW) started speaking against distinction caliphs of Banu Umayya, they were punished severely. Any knowledge of political opposition was wrong and was made a object for persecution. The Caliph Suleman meted out harsh treatment think over the basis of personal bad blood and he tortured many renowned Muslim generals and honourable community. The well-known conqueror of Sindh Muhammad Bin Qasim was disobey to death. Likewise, the whiz kid behind the conquest of Espana, Moosa Bin Nusair was targeted for persecution and was wickedly humiliated (Tariq Bin Ziyad who won the war at Gibralter was a general in Moosa’s Army). If this wasn’t generous, Banu Umayyah used Hajjaj Case Yusuf to increase the authority of the ruling family bear any cost. He was much a cruel man that recognized rained stones on the Kabah on one occasion, laid beleaguerment to Medina on another example and gave orders for interpretation murder of Abdullah Bin Zubair, Saeed Bin Jubair and burden pious companions and Taba’een. Inspite of the magnificent principles tactic social and economic justice set down in Islam, the regnant family of Banu Umayya uninhabited the new non-Arab converts remove a hostile manner. Not lone were they not given their equal rights as fellow Muslims, they were also subjected display unjust policies. Every new control would impose new taxes soothe them. During Hajjaj’s rule, they had to pay Jizya introduce well (a tax imposed start in on non-Muslims). This went on reach such an extent that labored converts left the fold quite a few Islam and became rebels. Distinction only purpose of these indefensible taxes was to fill high-mindedness state treasury with wealth, which had become the personal resources of the caliph. The plea bargain of the state were differ his discretion to be overindulgent for his comfort and come to an end support his luxurious lifestyle. Palaces were constructed for the majestic family. The Umayyid Caliphs were so obsessed about their consolation that when Caliph Waleed went to Medina to inspect representation reconstruction job of Masjid-e-Nabvi, say publicly whole mosque was emptied answer people before he stepped pen. This system of government was opposed to the spirit motionless Islam and possessed all magnanimity bad characteristics of a state. It had not been future since the era of illustriousness Prophet (SAW) and his Entourage. The masses in general sit the scholars, the taba’een pointer the taba-taba’een in particular abhorrent the nonIslamic practices that locked away filtered in the caliphate. On the other hand the powerful ruling family was so brutal that they unsympathetically suppressed any kind of dissent. We have before us loftiness examples of the atrocities longstanding on Imam Hussain (RA) spell Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA). As a result these noble persons for excellence time being chose to behind silent in the face supplementary such extreme persecution. Umar Tub Abdul Aziz – The Ordinal Rightly Guided Caliph This asseverate of affairs was not recondite from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz who used to counsel monarch cousins heading the caliphate. Nevertheless his best efforts could whine bring a change in their way of governance. Now dignity burden of the caliphate locked away fallen on Umar’s shoulders. Aid was such a heavy overload to bear that at good cheer he wanted to disentangle ourselves from its clutches. He be a failure that people ought to take off free to choose their ruler and proposed to resign. Nobility people knew his character statement well. They had been daintily accepting the rule of prestige tyrannical chiefs of Banu Umayya. They knew Umar was influence best choice among them each. Hence they all voted represent the leadership of Umar innermost did not accept his relinquishment. Immediately after this election, unblended group of horses was prostitution for Umar’s transport. A dear arrangement of tents and nonfunctional floors was prepared for him. Umar stated that he locked away no need for all that pomp and show. Then powder ordered his servant Mazahim lowly deposit these in the offer treasury. According to the wont, a team of guards in operation walking with him for enthrone defense. Umar found this assessment be very offensive. He bass them, “I don’t need set your mind at rest. I am also a Muhammedan like other Muslims.” Then appease went to his house. Swirl e informed his wife Fatimah about his appointment as spick caliph. Then he demanded go to pieces to deposit all her adornment and other expensive possessions worry the state treasury. He gave her the option of either living with him or desertion him. Fatima was a empress, but she was a peer person and had a brutal and God-fearing nature. Living observe a person like Umar abstruse also made an impact top up her personality. She agreed entertain his demand. The next apportion the family of the defunct caliph, Suleman, sent all depiction expensive furniture and other effects to the house of prestige new caliph. When Umar morsel out, he deposited the truth into the public treasury. Blooper was presented with beautiful slave-girls who were unique in their beauty. On his orders, they were sent back to their families and households Caliphate – A Trust The burden designate the caliphate took away set peace of mind that Umar possessed. He forgot about cap wealth, estate and worldly desires. He became so careless be aware these things that his helpmeet Fatima says, “Umar had overenthusiastic himself to the Muslims. Fiasco used to think about them all the time. If their grievances were not redressed preschooler evening time, he would dear working late in the shadowy. When he would finish her majesty work, he would ask representing a lantern, pray two rakats of salat, then he would lower his head in tiara hands, and tears would slot in down his cheeks. He lazy to cry with such emotion that it would appear consider it his heart would burst increase in intensity he would collapse and knuckle under. Then dawn would arrive endure he would keep a fix. Sometimes I would go next to him and ask if Raving did not have the employ rights on him as Funny did before. He would location me to leave him judgment his own. I used pact request him to talk dressingdown me. He used to retort that he had been feeling the guardian of this Umma, that all he could recollect was the hungry, the wick, the travelers who had pollex all thumbs butte one to help them, see the innocent prisoners, and position people who had little property and such others occupying novel territories and different countries. Noteworthy would say that he knew Allah (SWT) would question him about them, and so would Prophet Mohammad (SAW). He was fearful that Allah would jumble accept his excuses and position Prophet (SAW) would not hang on words to his logic.” Umar was aware that the caliphate was not his personal right however a trust given to him by Allah. He knew wind all the wealth accumulated coarse the ruling family had really been obtained through tyrannical policies and unfair taxes from ethics poor people. He felt deviate as a caliph he obligation feel the actual pain consider it the masses were suffering. Inner parts could only be possible in case he came down to their level to assess things. That created a revolution in fulfil life. The same Umar Throw out Abdul Aziz whose shawl cast-off to cost 800 dirhams promptly wore ordinary attire. He reachmedown to be displeased at batty formal protocol given to him. Also, he dismissed the style of sending blessings (durood) correction the caliph after the prayers, and stated: “Durood is nonpareil reserved for the Prophet (SAW) and prayers should be spoken for all the Muslims. Provided I am one of them then I would be consequently included.” The trend that filth introduced was a novel defer for the family and balm of Banu Umayya. Once case a funeral a special leaf was laid for Umar cut into sit on. He removed depiction sheet with the end show signs of a walking stick and sat with the rest of description Muslims. The Process of Reforms and the Return of Simulated Wealth Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had started the process on the way out change and improvement with coronet own self. But a supposition was constantly nagging him. County show would all the wealth renounce had been accumulated in blue blood the gentry previous eras by his lineage members be accounted for? Illegal knew that the properties illustrious by his relatives had antediluvian usurped from others by humid means. This was a sensitive issue. While expressing his no heed one day, he said come to get his servant Mazahim, “There safekeeping some estates in our hold over which we have rebuff right. We should not keep accepted these properties. Now defer the caliphate has come to me, it is incumbent set upon me to account for them.” Mazahim inquired what would take place to his children if pacify gave away the properties. Umar replied that Allah would cattle them with sustenance. Mazahim taxpayer this issue with Umar’s notable Abdul Malik who was regular more pious than his curate. He came running to empress father and told him completed act upon his intention professor not to worry about them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz support, “Next Friday there should produce a public announcement in grandeur mosque regarding these unlawful properties.” The noble son asked theorize he was certain that prohibited would be alive till Fri since this temporary life could not be trusted. He urged that there should be maladroit thumbs down d delay in performing acts outline goodness. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very pleased with ruler son’s support on his resolution. Immediately, he made an relation in the mosque that an individual whose property had been unlawfully seized by Umar’s forefathers could come and reclaim it. Consequently he proceeded to return sovereignty entire property to the deserved owners, to the extent roam he even returned his rise, given to him by Waleed, to the state treasury. Verification he gathered his family helpers together and said, “O Bani Marwan! You have received unadulterated large share of wealth discipline honour. I think half resolve two-thirds of the wealth comprehend the Ummah is in your possession.” When his family brothers became aware of his argument, they lost control of their emotions. They exclaimed, “By God! Till our heads are detached from our bodies, we disposition not return these estates!” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz replied draw out an equally loud voice, “By God! If you don’t hue and cry the rightful thing, I discretion leave you in a crestfallen state.” After that, he thankful a speech in the wildlife reserve in which he ensured nobleness people that they would obtain their properties back. Umar for that reason ordered for the chest inclusive of the documentation of the estates to be brought before him. Mazahim would read out sidle document after another and Umar Bin Abdul Aziz would unpretentious them up with a couple of scissors. The most leading issue was that of class area of Fidak, which was under his own control, playing field the income of most in this area his family and relatives came from this estate. This balance had specifically been the effects of the Prophet (SAW) who used to distribute the tender to the needy ones bed his clan and the family of Banu Hashim. The Aright Guided Caliphs had also serviced this order. In the late Umayyad rule, it was forceful the personal property of Marwan Bin Hakm. Umar had hereditary one portion of this domain through his father and now the other portion also came under his possession as nobility ruler after the demise marvel at Waleed and Suleman. Umar Container Abdul Aziz pronounced, “Rasool God (SAW) used to use birth land of Fidak for excellence sake of Allah. The be consistent with was done by Abu Bakr and Umar. When Marwan took over this property by coarsely, I also chanced to succeed to a part of it. Beside oneself am depositing this illegally instinctive property back in the bring back treasury so that it potty be used for the very much purpose as it was encouraged in the time of authority Prophet (SAW).” He also surrendered the land of Yamama allow gave it back to rectitude treasury. Besides depositing his correctly cash of 40,000 dirhams, sand surrendered the clothes of jurisdiction wife and the jewels divagate he had inherited from squash up father. His wife Fatima locked away a slave-girl whom he be a failure. After becoming the caliph, lighten up asked the slave-girl one weekend away, “How did you come smart the possession of Fatima?” She answered that Hajjaj Bin Yusuf had put a penalty enchant the ruler of Kufa. She was owned by the monarch who gave her to Hajjaj, and Hajjaj passed her support to Abdul Malik who was the father of Fatima. Umar further asked what was goodness state of that ruler faux Kufa. She informed him renounce he was dead but roam his children were living hut a poor condition. Umar Tub Abdul Aziz summoned the consanguinity and returned their possessions with the slavegirl to them. Like that which she was leaving, the workhorse asked Umar, “What happened support your love for me?” Filth replied, “It is still there; in fact its intensity has increased.” In the entire Mohammedan empire, all the rulers scold governors were advised that felonious properties were to be complementary to their rightful heirs. What because this mission was embarked above, the treasury of Iraq became empty. The salaries given communication Banu Umayya were discontinued. Along with, the custom of giving gain and expensive gifts to picture favourites of the caliphs was also put to an persist. Opposition of the Family Righteousness clan of Banu Umayya plain-spoken not imagine in their wildest dreams that a man invoke their own family would proclaim their entire holdings to eke out an existence illegal and return them lay at the door of the rightful owners. Further, passive was impossible to even believe that their allowances and salaries would be suspended. Subsequently, grandeur whole family gathered and unmistakable to send their aunt come together knock some sense into bodyguard nephew. This aunt had additionally lost all her privileges, for that she appeared before Umar Dispense with Abdul Aziz to plead glory case of the entire ethnic group and to question the bark suspension of her income. Umar replied, “O my dear Aunt! My uncle Abdul Malik elitist my cousins Waleed and Suleman used to give you promote from the Bait ul Maal (state treasury). This wealth appreciation not mine. I can bear you a grant from round the bend own possessions.” The aunt inquired how much he possessed. Take action replied that he received Cardinal dirhams annually. His aunt miserably replied that she had pollex all thumbs butte use for it (being specified a petty amount). Another convention tells us that Umar without being prompted for a dinar and stimulated it over a fire. So he put a morsel delightful meat on it which treated to a crisp. Umar whispered, “O Aunt! Beware that your nephew will meet a clank end!” The aunt went get in somebody's way with a small face join Banu Umayya and told them, “You marry into Umar’s (RA) family and when his posterity turns out to be inappropriateness the maternal side, you practise a hue and cry. Enlighten be patient.” (Remember that integrity mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the granddaughter get into second caliph Umar Bin Khattab). After this, Hisham Bin Abdul Malik came to Umar stomach suggested that he should lack of restraint the past alone and forced to only decide matters that occurred in the present. Umar replied, “I would judge every stuff brought to me according throw up the Book of Allah, print it current or of grandeur past.” A nephew of Umar sent him a harsh sign and accused him of parting family ties. Umar replied knoll equally harsh terms, “If Uncontrolled had enough time I would take every bit of Allah’s property from you people current distribute it amongst the Muslims. You and your family be endowed with been accustomed to oppressing grandeur people for long. By Spirit, you deserve to be completed slaves and sold off boss your price be distributed in the midst widows and orphans. Even puzzle out this you won’t be cheery to compensate for the debauchery you have been perpetuating vaccination the Muslims.” The Withdrawal interrupt Illegitimate Taxes After disposing lift-off the illegal holdings of Banu Umayya, Umar turned his thoughts to the state treasury. Uncluttered large portion of it was collected by unfair means. Just starting out, the wealth was not move according to the Shariah. Decency poor and needy often sincere not benefit from the additional system. The first step Umar took was to stop greatness exploitation of the poor concern terms of unfair taxes. Filth observed that there were very many taxes levied on magnanimity masses. There were taxes dupe melting of silver, submitting applications, shops, houses, windmills and yet on marriages. Umar did arcane with all these taxes which relieved the masses of dignity crippling burden and they unhearable a sigh of relief. Diffuse the days of Hajjaj, Jizya (a tax levied on nonMuslims) was collected from those newly-converted to Islam, in gross ignoring of Shariah and an undesirable innovation in the religion. Umar ended this unfair tax. That resulted in people converting total Islam en masse especially meet Egypt, causing a heavy exhaustion of the income of rendering state, so much so walk the government had to draw funds to furnish allowances. During the time that an official complained, he remarked, “The Prophet (SAW) was deadlock as a guide, not little a tax officer (to promote taxes from the people).” Magnanimity strange thing was that regardless of the reduction in the matter of taxes and the calmness showed in their collection, description period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz exhibited a remarkable wave in the amount collected care for the initial period of interrogate. He himself stated proudly, “May Allah send His curse turn up Hajjaj; he was incompetent both in worldly and religious photograph. Umar Bin Khattab (RA) serene 10 crores 28 lacs unapproachable Iraq, Ziyad collected 10 crores 25 lacs, and Hajjaj inspite of his unjust rule mesh an amount of just 2 crores 80 lacs from authority people. Despite the scarcity reap Iraq, when it came in the shade my command, I collected great sum of 10 crores 24 lacs from there, and providing I am alive I liking collect an even bigger vastness than Umar Bin Khattab.” Umar considered the treasury to verbal abuse a sacred trust and took precautions to safeguard the appeal to of the public. He would take extra care in cost public money. If a unique coin went missing, an investigation would be carried out. Infertile government expenses were reduced. During the time that he was asked to raise the budget for stationary muddle up official use, he ordered, “Use your pens thinly and dialogue your letters closely in now and then line. Be careful in your expenditure. I do not long for to approve of any recession from the state treasury which is of no benefit telling off the people.” His written instruct were also short and epigrammatic. All the governors were notified to use small writing significant smaller size of paper fashionable order to conserve resources. Sovereign state a personal level, he was extremely cautious. When doing undistinguished personal work, he used take care of make sure that his personal lantern was used and clump the state utilities. When proceed was offered water for cleansing which had been warmed see in your mind's eye coals owned by the shape, he returned the water. Quandary times, his servants did crowd together exercise much care in these matters. Once his servant overpower honey for him while moving an official horse that belonged to the post office. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz sold integrity honey and deposited the insufficiently in the state treasury. That caution extended to the staff of his household as convulsion. Once his daughter sent him a precious stone and required that he find a clang one from the state exchequer so that she could vestiments a matching pair of earrings. In response to her ask, he sent two embers walk up to fire. Contrast this cautious close in personal matters with birth generosity demonstrated in spending strapped for rightful purposes. Lists submit the names of the secondrate were compiled. A special apportionment was made for the accommodate repayments of those deserving. Sake were fixed for suckling infants. At many places, food was distributed freely among the evil and the needy. When loftiness funds in the state storehouse were employed to relieve interpretation disabled and the needy, backwards a year the recipients accuse charity became the donors last the general condition of probity masses improved dramatically. We be acquainted with through authentic traditions that just as officials would go out update search of deserving people acknowledge distribute charity, they could mass find any in this classify. Careful Selection of Governors endure Their Accountability Banu Umayya challenging not been selective in their choice of governors/officials and they had also given them wash reign to behave as they wished. As long as honourableness administrators carried out the give instructions of the caliph, just bamboozle unjust, the ruling family would remain happy with them. They did not care about grandeur common man suffering under their tyrannical rule. Immediately after befitting the caliph, Umar dismissed duo rulers who were known funds their oppressive governance, and engage in giving punishment without due argument. The entire family of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf was expelled use Yemen and their allies who were at important posts were dismissed. A cruel practice insert vogue was the forced decrease in prices of products which were purchased by the management at low prices. This explore was most prevalent in Empire. Umar wrote to the officialdom there, “It has come add up my knowledge that your subordinates purchase fruits at unjustly evidence prices and then extort tariff on the fruits from rendering travelers. If I happen convey find out that this investigate is being carried out become conscious your knowledge or your allowance I will not spare you.” While appointing officials Umar Eject Abdul Aziz used to occupy certain principles in mind; renounce they should not be cap relatives, that they should not quite ask for the post, wander they should not be authoritarian, rather they should be wellversed with the Quran and wool devout followers of Islam. Pray his personal advisory council let go had appointed competent individuals intend Rija Bin Hayat, Maimoon Containerful Mehran and his pious self Abdul Malik. After selecting birth officials, he used to act as a gobetween with them regularly. He manipulate them letters of advice secure guide them in their function. If there were complaints take from the subjects against the rulers, he carried out an quest. Those rulers whose performance was not up to the unsatisfactory were removed. He was jumble in favour of meting rub strict punishments. Rather, he ominous they were answerable to God for their actions. Protection motionless the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Umar Bin Abdul Aziz paying great attention to the forthright of Zimmis (nonMuslim subjects). Then no one cared about their life or property. Jizya (tax) was collected from them safe and sound unfair means. Umar made depiction bloodmoney of a non-Muslim shut to that of a Islamic. Any Muslim who usurped representation property of a non-Muslim was given strict punishment. The government were instructed not to become involved in harsh measures when they went to collect taxes from them. Measures were taken to contribute allowances from the state coffers for the disabled or disadvantaged non-Muslims. Their usurped properties were returned to them. Thus they were given a respectable condition in the society. This was reflected in law courts else where the royal family staff had to stand side by means of side with the non-Muslims get the message hearings. Once Hisham Bin Abdul Malik and on another contingency Muslima Bin Abdul Malik were placed together with a Zimmi in a case hearing make which they both objected. Umar told them to get marvellous lawyer if they had fine problem with standing together go one better than a nonMuslim. Rule of High-mindedness The more advanced a theatre group is, the better its path of administering justice. The imperative of law is an critical indicator of the moral vomiting of a people. A government cannot be called Islamic allowing it inherently practices injustice. Illustriousness Umayyad period saw a go downhill in moral and economic fairness and a good example was the usurping of properties descendant unfair means mentioned earlier. Integrity Umayyad kings in their while would imprison anyone without unmixed trial about whom they confidential the slightest suspicion. Suleman mushroom his appointees used to manufacture their opponents blind, break their hands and feet, imprison them and make them starve. Hajjaj was famous for spilling carry away over the minutest of crimes. For Umar bin Abdul Aziz these practices were intolerable. Unwind discontinued the law of imprisoning without any proof. He likewise put an end to magnanimity barbaric system of giving column as blood-money in exchange cart a man. There were multifarious areas where people were capture, enslaved and forced to check up for free. Umar abolished that practice altogether. Restoration of Consecutive of Banu Hashim Banu Umayya took away the rights enjoyed by Banu Hashim to a-ok large extent. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz made sure that vagabond their privileges were returned regain consciousness them. To the extent saunter Fatima Bint Hussain (daughter help Imam Hussain) sent him organized letter of gratitude for government kind treatment. Since the onset of the Umayyad rule, picture Friday sermons used to carry derogatory words against Ali (RA). As soon as Umar became the caliph, he sent clean up order to all the governors to stop the use refreshing derogatory words for the exalted companion of the Prophet (SAW). He replaced those words succeed this verse from the Quran: “Allah adjoins justice, kindness countryside charity to relatives, and forbids vulgarity, wrong-doing and tyranny. Perchance you will understand.” This autonomy is quoted to this hour in Friday sermons all finish off the Muslim world. Improvement unmoving Prisons It is usual collision find governments who do care about the condition considerate their citizens to be heedless to the situation in prisons. Before the caliphate of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, the jails were in a deplorable make of affairs. Prisoners were advance like creatures from another earth. Their basic health, sanitary, nutritionary and other needs were altogether neglected. To the extent put off when they died their shrouds were not arranged. The inmates would collect funds from harangue other to perform the rearmost rights of a deceased confrere. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took a serious view of rendering situation and advised his governors repeatedly to adopt measures pick up improve the condition. He passed orders for the construction identical bright and spacious prison cells instead of the prevalent uninteresting ones. The governors were chargeable for redressing the pleas manipulate the inmates. Provisions were obliged for the basic needs infer the prisoners. They were get rid of be provided with blankets necessitate the winter season and chilled shirts in the summer. Their medical expenses were to distrust taken care of by birth government. Separate prisons were take care of be built for the division prisoners. If an inmate correctly in jail, the state would be responsible for the endure rites and burial. Prisoners were to be released from their chains in the night final during prayer times. Thus develop other classes of people, nobleness prisoners breathed a sigh quite a lot of relief during the philanthropic type of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Revival of Shariah The mass of a country generally tread the example laid down brush aside the rulers. They get unnatural by the values that excellence rulers possess. The Umayyad stage was a reign of sovereignty empire and royalty. Hence materialism locked away set in. The main topics of conversation among people were wealth, women and buildings. Position knowledge and implementation of Sharia were no longer given make ready importance. The first attack was on the Islamic belief arrangement. Instead of focusing on performing of basic and simple Islamic principles, people began to bevvy in arguments and philosophical covering. When the conversation turned gain fatalism, Umar made every action to turn the people fade from this useless discussion. Explicit called Ghailan Damashqi, the only who was stimulating these discussions of fatalism, and asked him to seek forgiveness of God. Once a man inquired not quite a complex issue. Instead bargain answering him Umar Bin Abdul Aziz gave him this costly advice: “Adopt the religion prop up school children and of bedouins in the desert.” (meaning put off simplicity of religious beliefs denunciation required). Besides the beliefs birth next hit was performance eradicate religious duties which people begun to neglect. People had started to ignore the timings pay prayers. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered his governors to quit all work at the adjourn of salah, stating “the make sure of who is negligent about prayers is the one who wreckage most negligent about all Islamic duties.” It came to her highness notice that like in rank times of ignorance, women were indulging in wailing and noisy mourning over the deceased. Recognized sent an order to technique top officials, “I have heard that the women of hazy indulge in weeping and intense their hair out over their dead. Stop this kind annotation mourning at once.” He further sent instructions regarding the coup trend of singing and penalisation, “the non-Arabs used to make an effort pleasure in activities that Lord of the flies had made dear to them. Stop the Muslims from pampering in frivolous activities and those who refuse to obey essential be chastised with a moderate punishment.” Similarly public baths were common in which men alight women used to take baths without much care for abstinence and dignity. Umar barred platoon from entering these public bathrooms and made sure that loftiness men wore a loin-cloth span taking a bath. The walls of the bathrooms used finish with have vulgar pictures on them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz orderly for such pictures to carbon copy erased. Once he erased severe of these paintings himself folk tale stated that if he esoteric known the name of prestige artist he would have absolutely punished him. Besides other frivolities drinking had become a familiar trend. People would ferment the bottle on the pretext of production Nabeez, a sweet drink. Redouble they would get intoxicated streak behave in an inappropriate do. When they were questioned welcome their behaviour they would command somebody to no shame in acting escort an obnoxious manner. Umar took full measures to eliminate that menace and issued directives prevalent the effect that non-Muslims could no longer bring alcohol be in opposition to the cities. The wine shops and cellars were closed quash. Compilation of Hadith Umar Basket Abdu Aziz was a expert and he recognized the reduce of knowledge. He was frightened that after the eminent scholars would pass away, they would take the treasure of Ahadith with them. He ordered position governor of Medina Qazi Abu Bakr to begin the crystallization of Ahadith. Once compiled pacify distributed the same to chic parts of the Islamic reign. According to one tradition, lots and piles of Ahadith were recorded. This was the rule effort at the government minimal to compile the existing Ahadith into a collection. Benevolent Productions Extensive plans were made beginning the reign of Umar weekly the benefit of the quick and the needy. Road inns were built. Instructions were crumble to the effect that whoever passed by these motels obligated to be offered one day learn free services and his equitation animal should be taken worry of. Free food kitchens were arranged to provide food preventable the needy and the beggars. The state pastures were release to the public for grandeur grazing of their animals. Conquests No memorable victories on loftiness battlefield took place during justness period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. He was one embodiment those rulers whose eyes were constantly on the internal reforms of his empire rather rather than the expansion of his habitat. However, the excursions which difficult to understand been pre-planned were completed. Meanwhile this period Muslims conquered wonderful large part of Southern Writer. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was lucky not to have governmental strife and civil wars significant his caliphate. He hated carnage. Even the Kharajites who difficult created problems for every decide remained relatively peaceful. Their closeness had always been a foreshadowing to every Islamic government. Umar resolved their differences in swell conciliatory manner and forbade magnanimity use of arms against them. The governor of Kufa was instructed not to altercate professional them unless the instigation was from their side, and span wise man be appointed obstacle negotiate with them. He very invited the leader of excellence Kharajites to an open congress to discuss the opposing viewpoints and said that the grounds which had the most heft in terms of truth would be accepted. Still, we note that towards the end take up Umar’s rule, the Kharajites give back showed their true colours take created dissension and strife. Class ruler of Kufa was affirmed permission to launch an breakin against them but with guess conditions – that no girl, child or prisoner would engrave killed, the injured would be chased on the battleground, the spoils of war digress would come into their sprint would be returned to birth family of the Kharajites, stomach the prisoners of war would only be detained till they repented and reformed themselves. Cessation The improvements in Umar’s era were gaining momentum when pacify fell ill in 101 Hijri in the month of Rajab. According to one tradition, wreath illness was due to unusual causes while another tradition tells us that he was poisoned. Umar’s reorganization and reforms esoteric made Banu Umayya very lacking in confidence about their future, so they paid one of his slaves a sum of 1000 coinage to poison him. This cash in further tells us that Umar found out about this betrayal but instead of punishing righteousness culprits and taking revenge, fiasco merely ordered the amount undertake be returned to the kingdom treasury. For a few stage, he remained sick. When short hope remained of his hold up, his brother-in-law Muslima Bin Abdul Malik came to him stall said, “O Leader of high-mindedness Believers, you have always held your children away from righteousness riches and you are turn your back on something them empty-handed. Before you go under, instruct me or someone differently about your family.” Umar Dump Abdul Aziz answered, “You hope against hope me to leave a inclination for them. In this vessel, my helper and supporter comment Allah. If my sons object fearful of Allah, he desire provide a way for them and if they indulge reside in a life of sin, expand I don’t want to augment them in sin by renunciation them an inheritance.” Then noteworthy called his sons and addressed them with tears in surmount eyes: “May my life amend sacrificed for you, my reading whom I kept in desire, in poverty. But I show one's gratitude Allah that I am sendoff you in a good run about like a headless chicken. You will never meet mediocre Arab or a non-Muslim who would claim any right exceeding you. My children! Your sire had two options before him. One was to choose class life of luxury for complete and hell for himself. Say publicly second was to keep spiky tight and in want deed he would enter heaven. Your father chose the second discretion. May Allah keep you boardwalk His protection. He will restock for you.” Before he suitably he recited this Quranic poetry repeatedly, “The home in nobleness hereafter is for those who choose not to dominate check the earth or create contention, and the hereafter is inimitable for the God-fearing.” When let go was in the throes on the way out death, he told everyone set about leave the room. Muslima boss Umar’s wife Fatima were absent his door. They heard a-ok voice saying, “What blessed make a face, which are neither of troops body nor of Jinns.” Muslima be made aware his sister that Umar be obliged have died. When they went in to check, Umar’s inner had departed from his reason. He died on a Fri, 101 Hijri and at authority time he was just 39 or 40 years old. Yes was buried in the room of Dir Samaan. The continuance of his caliphate had anachronistic a mere two years coupled with five months. At the tightly of his death, Umar Container Abdul Aziz had eleven module. He left them an highest of 17 dirhams only, side of which five were done in or up on his shroud and flash on his grave. Thus subside did not even leave creep dirham each for his issue. Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, who was Umar’s uncle became see to of the future caliphs. Noteworthy also had eleven sons extremity he left them an gift of ten lacs each. On the contrary one of Umar’s sons was in later years seen wall off 100 horses in Allah’s blow up, and out of the kids of Hisham, one was speckled asking for charity. Hence God accepted the prayer of Umar regarding the provisions to authority children. His Distinguishing Traits Distress of Allah Fear of God was the most dominant face in Umar’s personality. He was always fearful of the passion of Allah and His angelic punishment, and of the circumstance that the time to come undone good deeds in this guts could end any moment. wife states, “He wasn’t spread of others in terms ship prayers or fasting, but negation one was more God-fearing by him. He used to gradient shivering in bed when explicit remembered Allah.” Because of jurisdiction fear he could not doze at night. When he shape this to a companion in days gone by he asked the reason, choose which Umar replied, “I was thinking about the grave delighted the condition of people resource the grave; if we looked at the dead body four days later, it would properly a gruesome sight, worms would be crawling over it, contemporary pus would be coming out.” Saying these words, Umar dishonoured out of intense fear. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz remembered eliminate so frequently that his virgin Yazeed Bin Khoshab commented, “I have never known anyone surrender fear death more than Umar and Hasan Basri. Looking uncertain their intense fear of inattentive, it seemed as if superficial was only designed for birth two of them.” Humility attend to Modesty Humility was another governing trait in Umar’s personality. That characteristic became prominent after explicit became the caliph. We leave this humility reflected time other again and there are copious examples. Once when he set up people standing in his look he stated, “O People! On condition that you keep standing I option also have to stand stand for if you sit then Uncontrollable can also sit. We be obliged only stand before Allah (in prayers)!” Similarly once when Rija Bin Hayat came to send back him, the flame in justness lantern burnt out. A underling was sleeping nearby. Rija without being prompted him if he should animate him up. But Umar willingly him to let the parlour-maid sleep. Rija suggested that grace himself should light the blaze. Umar replied that it would be inconsiderate to make expert guest perform a chore. Before you know it, Umar got up himself, took some olive oil, and dusky the wick. Then stated, “When I got up to end this task I was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and like that which I returned I am get done the same.” (meaning to aver that this humble task plainspoken not reduce his stature). Long ago a female slave was fanning him when she dozed avoid. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took the fan and gave any more the same treatment. When she woke up she was progress embarrassed. To which Umar replied, “You are a human all but me. I wanted to cooperation you the same comfort renovation you gave me by fanning you.” Spirit of Forgiveness Umar’s nature was full of exemption and mercy. Once he entered the mosque at night. Dinky man was sleeping there. Flimsy the darkness, Umar’s feet by the way tripped over him. The squire screamed, “Are you crazy?” Umar simply replied, “No.” His parlour-maid wanted to punish this uncivilized man instantly but Umar inconspicuous him and explained that authority man had merely asked him if he was mad cut into which he replied in picture negative. We find another illustration of his forgiving nature. Formerly when after hours of put your all into something work, Umar was getting fritter for his afternoon nap, unadorned man approached him with irksome documents. Because of his negligence, the file hit Umar’s confront. The papers cut his brazenness and it started to salivate. But he still attentively study the person’s application and nerve-racking to his need. Patience countryside Tolerance Umar had the leniency of a saint. He skilled a very tough period girder his life when his crest able and dearest son Abdul Malik, his favourite brother Sahal Bin Abdul Aziz and crown most loyal servant Mazahim correctly within a short span virtuous time. When people visited him to offer their condolence, they found him to be constant and grateful. One day splendid contemporary scholar Rabi came nearby him to offer his empathy. Hearing his words, Umar obliging his neck downwards. The public servant sitting near Rabi told him that he had upset rectitude Leader of the Faithful. Cluster which Umar stated, “By rendering One who ordained their deaths! I do not wish drift these events had not occurred.” He further sent an anathema throughout the Muslim empire renounce no mourning shall be sort out in this regard. Simplicity Grandeur changes that took place scope the lifestyle of Umar Number Abdul Aziz after he became a caliph have been muffled upon. He preferred a living thing of simple living for child and his family members. Primacy robe that he wore was made of the cheapest construction and there were patches experience his garment. One sheet method cloth would last him pick up six months. The same would be washed every Friday. At one time he was late for magnanimity prayer. When somebody asked him, he explained that his single garment was being washed timorous his servant and there was no other garment to don. When he fell ill already his death his brother-in-law Muslima came to inquire about empress health. He noticed that honesty caliph was wearing a begrimed torn shirt. Muslima requested circlet sister, the wife of Umar, to wash the garment. Following day when he arrived forbidden found Umar wearing the equal shirt. He asked his harbour why she had not listened to him, as it was embarrassing in front of punters coming to visit him. She replied that those were nobleness only clothes he had. Correspondingly, he chose to eat untangle simple food. Once one consume his servants complained that pacify was tired of eating decency same pulses every day. Muhammadan replied that his master as well ate the same. In occurrence, after his caliphate, he plainspoken not even eat heartily. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was learn particular about simple food person in charge earning an honest means innumerable livelihood. One instance demonstrates top viewpoint in this regard. Tiara relatives had come for great visit and Umar told description cook not to hurry sight the meal. By mid-afternoon heart the guests were very rapacious so Umar laid out sattu (a drink) and dates recognize the value of them. When they had difficult to understand enough of these two articles, the servants brought out blue blood the gentry food. The guests declined owing to they were full. Umar bass them, “Then why do pointed eat fire?” (meaning to remark that if a simple fare can suffice then why deserve money in the wrong part for lavish meals which would ultimately land a person impact hell fire). There was much a paucity of regular residence items in his house put off an Iraqi woman who challenging come to ask for stipends for her daughters was surprised. When she expressed her bewilderment, Umar’s wife Fatima answered need, “Trying to fulfill the wants of people like you has made our house a unsettled place.” Umar would remain involved in official work spending hold up hours until late in grandeur night. Then when he locked away time to lie down war the bed, he would narrate the verses of the Quran and he used to corner restless. His wife relates go he was once reciting that verse in prayers, “When fabricate will be spread about regard moths and the mountains testament choice be like fluffs of wool” he collapsed again and once more also out of sheer terror. Promptly she thought that he would die on the spot. Umar had reserved a portion have a high opinion of the house for prayers . He used to spend calligraphic large part of the night-time in prayer and woeful constrain. He was so punctual apropos the prayer timings that assuming the Muazzin (one who calls for the prayers) was calligraphic little late in calling goodness azaan, he would send him a message to remind him of the time for prayers. Anas relates that he locked away never seen someone so believably follow the Prophet (SAW) pull his prayers as Umar Eject Abdul Aziz. To emulate Rasool Allah (SAW) in the Hadith acts of worship he would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. Love of the Prophet (SAW) and the Prophet’s Family Umar’s love for Rasool Allah (SAW) was tremendous. If he originate any memento of the Prophet’s, he would hold it be over to his heart. The Seer (SAW) had given some district to a companion and yes had written an account show it. A person from go off at a tangent family showed the written thoughts to Umar who kissed don held it to his in high spirits. His attachment for the next of kin of the Prophet (SAW) focus on his exemplary treatment towards them stemmed from his love optimism the Prophet (SAW). Before him, Banu Umayya had treated grandeur family of the Prophet notice unkindly. But Umar acted pressure an altogether different manner. Previously a slave appeared before him with a request. He was from the family of slaves who served Banu Hashim contemporary had come with the determined of asking for an endurance. When he mentioned the title of Ali Bin Abi Talib (RA), Umar’s eyes became aqueous with tears and he conjectural that he himself was say publicly slave of Ali. He new to the job explained that Rasool Allah (SAW) had said that whoever wise him a master also be compelled take Ali (RA) as straight master. Then Umar rewarded say publicly slave handsomely for his institute with Ali. Similarly once distinct of members from the house of Banu Umayya were halt at his door. But in the way that Umar first called in class slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas (RA), his cousin Hisham objected, “After doing so much say you will our family Umar is come to light not satisfied. Now he lets a slave of Abdullah Case Abbas walk all over us.” Umar had deep reverence slur his heart for Medina being of his love for leadership Prophet (SAW). When he residue Medina for Syria, he monstrous back with glistening eyes, elitist said to his servant Mazahim, “I hope we are gather together among those people that City has spitted out.” This referred to the Hadith of depiction Prophet (SAW) in which take steps says that Medina is undiluted furnace that churns out homeless person the filth leaving only primacy pure behind. Piety was greatness cornerstone of Umar’s existence. Influence reason Umar is superior in the midst the religious and the unlimited is the fact that absolutism had moved him closer perform God whereas it moves summit people away from God. Miracle hope that on the Dowry of Judgment Allah will shut yourself away Umar under His shade mould the category of Just Kings. On that fearsome day, back will be no other hue. Muhammad Bin Ma’abud relates lose concentration when he appeared before birth King of Rome, he establish him sitting on the clout in a state of valley. On being asked the go allout for his sorrow he acknowledged that the man of godliness had died. On further research he pronounced the name go along with Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Fortify he added, “After Jesus assuming anyone could revive the forget your lines, it was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. I am not spurious with the monk who accomplished his door and left influence world, and got busy pretense his prayers. I am astounded at the man who was offered the world on marvellous pedestal and he rejected acknowledge with disdain.” After the infect of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, Yazeed, the son of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan became prestige caliph. Alas, he undid done the good that Umar challenging done and reversed the reforms made in the system. Thence Umar’s effort to change dominion into caliphate only lasted in a holding pattern his death. It is thought that in the beginning Yazeed tried to follow Umar speak his footsteps, but he could not sustain the pressure pull out more than forty days. Dirt did not possess the foster, strong will and self-restraint called for to withstand all the beholden. In the words of Allama Iqbal: The world never challenging the rule of love Character reason is that love high opinion no hypocrite ### Reference books: Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Abdus Salam Nadvi Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz contempt Ibne Abdul Hakam Umar Container Abdul Aziz by Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ferozsons Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Abu Hanifa Kashfi Tareekh e Religion by Moeenuddin Nadvi About distinction Author Naima Sohaib, 40, report the author of “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat”, a 500-page seamless in Urdu about twenty principal prominent Muslim scholars, reformists, revivalists and caliphs of the christian name 1400 years, including several raid the twentieth century. The volume is written in easy dialect, punctuated occasionally by pertinent come to rest thought-provoking comments by the inventor. Naima has a Masters make a way into Islamic Studies from University disseminate Karachi and did her discern Mathematics from Lahore College pick Women. She has also authored several storybooks for children. She lives in Bahrain with fallow husband and four daughters About the Translator Eeman Asif Misbah, 45, is the English mediator of the original Urdu put your name down for. She converted from Hinduism wearisome years ago after studying Religion for several years. Her principle to seek knowledge about undistinguished personalities of Muslim history heavy her to the present interpretation work. She is an insatiable reader of Islamic books. Eeman is an MBA from Academy of Business Administration, Karachi. Information bank expert in human resource managing and general administration, she hurt in the financial sector earlier her marriage. She lives fasten Karachi with her husband don two children.