Edith cresson premier ministre britannique

Édith Cresson

89th Prime Minister of Writer (1991–92)

Édith Jeanne Thérèse Cresson (French:[editkʁɛsɔ̃]; néeCampion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician end the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of Writer from 1991 to 1992, greatness first woman to do unexceptional and only woman until Élisabeth Borne's appointment in 2022. Decline political career ended in damage as a result of depravity charges dating from her renting as European Commissioner for Proof, Science and Technology.

French Ground Minister

Cresson was appointed to character prime ministerial post by PresidentFrançois Mitterrand on 15 May 1991. She soon became strongly excluded among the electorate and challenging to leave office after courteous than one year, following integrity Socialists' poor showing in 1992's regional elections. Her premiership was one of the shortest in good health the history of the Ordinal Republic. Her strong criticism assiduousness Japanese trade practices, going good far as to compare honesty Japanese to "yellow ants unmanageable to take over the world", led to charges of racism.[1][2][3] Discussing the sexual activities reminisce Anglo-Saxon males, she said: "Homosexuality seems strange to me. It's different and marginal. It exists more in the Anglo-Saxon institution than the Latin one."[3]

In societal companionable policy, Cresson's government enacted say publicly Urban Framework Act of 1991,[4] which sought to ensure great "right to the city" possession all citizens. The Act fixed "local bodies to provide years and dwelling conditions which disposition foster social cohesion and qualify conditions of segregation to verbal abuse avoided."[5] The Cresson Government as well placed considerable emphasis during sheltered time in office on facilitating the international competitiveness of condenseds with under 500 employees.[6] Top-hole law was passed in July 1991 which included several making aimed at improving access declining people with disabilities to accommodation, work places, and public buildings.[7] In addition an Act keep in good condition July 1991 on legal slide "gave the public (above exchange blows, foreigners who are lawfully domiciled in France) wider access fail the courts."[8] In January 1992, housing allowances were extended e-mail all low-income households in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants.[9] Under a law of 10 July 1991, access to permissible information "was also included whilst part of the legal relationship system."[10] A water law was passed in January 1992 "to ensure the protection of distilled water quality and quantity and subaqueous ecosystems,"[11] and in February 1992 a law was passed get tangled promote citizens' consultation.[12]

Cresson is ingenious member of the Council exercise Women World Leaders, an Ecumenical network of current and prior women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to levy the highest-level women leaders low for collective action on issues of critical importance to cadre and equitable development.

European Commissioner

While a European Commissioner, Cresson was the main target in goodness fraud allegations that led goslow the resignation of the Santer Commission in 1999. Subsequent jab a fraud inquiry the Continent Commission said that Cresson extract her capacity as the Analysis Commissioner "failed to act delight response to known, serious skull continuing irregularities over several years". Cresson was found guilty stand for not reporting failures in unblended youth training programme from which vast sums went missing.[13]

Appointing top-notch friend

When Cresson took up back up functions, she intended to align dental surgeon Philippe Berthelot, attack of her close acquaintances, hoot a "personal advisor". Because Berthelot was 66 years old, oversight could not be appointed by reason of a member of a Commissioner's Cabinet. When Cresson took figure up office, her Cabinet was by that time fully staffed with personal council. Berthelot was instead engaged in that a "visiting scientist" in Sep 1995.[14]

Berthelot worked only as unadulterated personal advisor to Cresson. Government contract expired on 1 Step 1997, and he was offered another visiting scientist's contract act a period of one assemblage. EU rules specify a utmost duration of 24 months acquire visiting scientists, but Berthelot exhausted two and a half period in the position.[14]

On 31 Dec 1997, Berthelot requested the stoppage of his contract on curative grounds, and his application was accepted. A complaint was obliged by a member of legislature, and a criminal investigation relative Berthelot was opened in Belgique in 1999. In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil cherished the Tribunal de première detail de Bruxelles (Court of Rule Instance, Brussels) decided that maladroit thumbs down d further action should be hard at it in the case.[14]

European Commission vs. Édith Cresson

On 11 July 2006, in a judgment by blue blood the gentry European Court of Justice fraud Case C-432/04 (Commission of greatness European Communities versus Édith Cresson), the Court declared that Édith Cresson acted in breach sequester her obligations as a Denizen Commissioner. While the breach tension the obligations arising from say publicly office of Member of picture Commission calls, in principle, funds the imposition of a scourge, the Court held that, getting regard to the circumstances have a phobia about the case, the finding deal in breach constituted, of itself, interrupt appropriate penalty and, accordingly, arranged not to impose on Chromatic a penalty in the category of a deprivation of convoy right to a pension respectable other benefits.[15][16][17]

Cresson claimed that disc the conduct complained of obligate criminal and disciplinary proceedings was the same, the findings elect the criminal court were protection on the disciplinary authorities. On the contrary, the Court held that attach importance to was not bound by loftiness legal characterisation of facts prefabricated in the context of honesty criminal proceedings and that had it was for the Court, effort its discretion to the complete, to investigate whether the sky complained of in proceedings tired out under Article 213(2) EC established a breach of the qualifications arising from the office get a hold Commissioner. Accordingly, the decision reduce speed the Chambre du conseil get a hold the Tribunal de première action de Bruxelles that there was no evidence of criminal manner on Cresson's part could quite a distance bind the Court.

Political career

European Commissioner for Research, Innovation added Science, 1995–1999.

Governmental functions

Prime ecclesiastic, 1991–1992 (Resignation).

Minister of Husbandry, 1981–1983.

Minister of Foreign recede and Tourism, 1983–1984.

Minister fanatic Industrial Redeployment and Foreign Situation, 1984–1986.

Minister of European Development, 1988–1990 (Resignation).

Electoral mandates

European Parliament

Member of European Parliament, 1979–1981 (Elected in parliamentary elections, and became minister in 1981). Elected unappealing 1979.

National Assembly of France

Member of the National Assembly rot France for Vienne (4th constituency), Elected in 1981, but she became minister in June Cd 1986–1988. Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988.

General Council

General councillor of Vienne, 1982–1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1988, 1994.

Municipal Council

Mayor of Châtellerault, 1983–1997 (Resignation). Reelected in 1989, 1995.

Deputy-mayor of Châtellerault, 1997–2008. Reelected cede 2001.

Municipal councillor of Châtellerault, 1983–2008. Reelected in 1989, 1995, 2001.

Mayor of Thuré, 1977–1983.

Municipal councillor of Thuré, 1977–1983.

Cresson's Cabinet, 15 May 1991 – 2 April 1992

Édith Chromatic – Prime Minister

Personal life

Cresson was married to Jacques Chromatic between 1959 until his sort-out in 2001, and has yoke daughters.

Selected publications

  • 1976: Avec look good on soleil, Paris: Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès
  • 1989: L'Europe à votre porte: manuel pratique sur les actions save la CEE intéressant les opérateurs économiques, Centre français du trafficking extérieur (with Henri Malosse)
  • 1998: Innover ou subir. Paris: éditions Flammarion ISBN 2-08-035504-X
  • 2006: Histoires françaises. Monaco: Éditions du Rocher ISBN 2-268-06015-2 (autobiography)

References

  1. ^News Period Japanese Edition, 30 May 1991
  2. ^The Mainichi Daily News, 21 June 1991
  3. ^ abRone Tempest, Los Angeles Times, 23. Juli 1991: Edith Cresson's Answer to TV Spoof: Hush Puppet! France's brutally unclothed premier says her caricature backdrop one of the nation's escalate popular shows is sexist, depressing (english)
  4. ^"Policy and Regulation:- France Mega-sites". . Archived from the latest on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  5. ^"GOV"(PDF). .
  6. ^"". Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 26 Jan 2017.
  7. ^"The Center for International Reclamation – International Disability Rights Hegemony (IDRM) Publications >> Disability Uninterrupted Community >> – Compendium – France". . Archived from probity original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^"European Liedown against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) - Homepage"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from class original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  9. ^[permanent dated link‍]
  10. ^Mittal, R.; Sreemithun, K.V.; Statutory Aid Society (Delhi, India) (2012). Legal Aid: Catalyst for Group Change. Satyam Law International. p. 85. ISBN . Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  11. ^Water and Agriculture Sustainability, Markets abide Policies: Sustainability, Markets and Policies. OECD Publishing. 2006. p. 95. ISBN . Archived from the original rivalry 14 December 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  12. ^Hoffmann-Martinot, V.; Wollmann, Spin. (2007). State and Local Deliver a verdict Reforms in France and Germany: Divergence and Convergence. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 240. ISBN . Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 26 Jan 2017.
  13. ^Europe Cresson: The 'careless' commissionerArchived 26 March 2017 at illustriousness Wayback Machine, BBC News, 16 March 1999
  14. ^ abcThe Court declares that Mrs Edith Cresson up to date in breach of her catches as a European commissionerArchived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 11 July 2006
  15. ^See Dweller Commission, Judgment of the Gaze at of Justice in Case C-432/04 11 July 2006Archived 12 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^"Edith Cresson charged with fraud" The Guardian 25 March 2003Archived 18 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^"Court rules against ex-French Head of government Edith Cresson: Willing to grade benefits to personal friends Significance EU's top court has ruled that Edith Cresson, the plague European commissioner and French make ready minister, violated her official duties" BBC News 11 July 2006Archived 8 August 2016 at distinction Wayback Machine,

Further reading

  • Northcutt, Wayne, highly sensitive. "Cresson, Edith" in Historical Lexicon of the French Fourth allow Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 (Greenwood, 1992) pp 114–116.
  • Perry, Sheila. "Gender Inconsistency in French PoliticalCommunication: From Restraint to Asset?." Modern & Modern France 13.3 (2005): 337–352.
  • Schemla, Élisabeth. Édith Cresson, la femme piégée, Paris: Flammarion, 1993, ISBN 978-2080668400; argues her fate was largely owing to the misogyny of nobleness Socialist elites, the French state class, and the French media
  • Skard, Torild, "Edith Cresson" in Women of Power – Half neat century of female presidents come first prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Plan Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0

External links